The rich historical tapestry of Multan is interwoven with
the diverse epochs of Hindu empires, the conquests of Alexander the Great, and
the subsequent Islamic rule. The city's roots trace back over a millennium,
witnessing the ebb and flow of different civilizations.
In the ancient annals of Multan, the city served as the
capital of the Trigarta Kingdom during the Mahabharata era, governed by the
Katoch Clan Kshatriya Rajputs. Legend has it that Alexander the Great, in his
relentless quest for conquest, faced resistance in Multan. The poisoned arrow
that struck him is said to have hastened his demise, leaving an indelible mark
on the city. The old city premises still bear witness to the fateful
battleground where the clash between Alexander's forces and the defenders of
the citadel unfolded.
Multan's historical narrative further unfolds as part of the
Mauryan and Gupta empires, which held sway over northern India. In the mid-5th
century, the city faced an incursion by nomadic groups led by Toraman,
resulting in a temporary upheaval in governance. However, the Hindu/Zoroastrian
rule was soon re-established, symbolizing the resilience of Multan's cultural
and religious fabric.
The pre-Islamic period paints a vivid picture of Multan as
the "city of gold," adorned with opulent temples that contributed to
its wealth. The Sun Temple, Suraj Mandir, stood as a testament to the grandeur
of ancient architecture, reputedly accommodating over 6,000 worshippers. The
city's religious landscape also featured prominent sites like the Suraj Kund, a
sacred pool, and the Temple of Prahladapuri.
The Chinese traveler Huen Tsang, known for his extensive
records of his journeys, visited Multan in 641, providing valuable insights
into the city's cultural and religious practices during that time.
As the city transitioned through the epochs, it carried with
it the imprints of Hindu heritage, Islamic influence, and the nuanced interplay
of diverse civilizations. Multan's journey through history serves as a
testament to its resilience, embracing change while preserving the echoes of
its multifaceted past.
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